Reports

Following intensification of the conflict in Western Libya over the past weeks, several locations between Garabolli and Tarhuna were heavily affected by armed clashes on 18-19 April 2020. Reportedly, at least 620 families (approximately 3,100 individuals) were forced to displace from different villages in the conflict affected area, including Al Kwiaa, Al Rawagih and Sidi Madi, over the past 48 hours.

At the regional level, DTM operates under the Regional Data Hub. Established in early 2018, the RDH aims to support evidence-based, strategic and policy-level discussion on migration through a combined set of initiatives. These include: strengthening regional primary and secondary data collection and analysis; increasing information management capacity across countries; conducting regional research and analysis on mixed migration topics; providing technical support to key governmental and non-governmental stakeholders to enhance their migration data portfolio in line with regional and global initiatives.  DTM Regional office has supported the establishment of a network of 100 flow monitoring points along the four main migration corridors in the region in Burundi (13), Djibouti (5), Ethiopia (5), Somalia (7), South Sudan (47) and Uganda (23). Flow monitoring provides quantitative estimates of the flow of individuals through specific locations and informs about the profiles, travel history, intentions and needs of people on the move. In the region, this system also supports preparedness and response in public health emergencies by providing mapping and information on population movements in Burundi, Uganda and South Sudan, specifically in relation to the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In a region with approximately 6 million IDPs, DTM is the official provider of internal displacement figures countrywide in Burundi, Ethiopia and South Sudan. DTM coverage is being expanded in Somalia. 

La Matrice de suivi des déplacements (Displacement Tracking Matrix, DTM) est un système conçu pour recueillir, traiter et diffuser de manière régulière et systématique des informations sur les mouvements de populations et l'évolution des besoins des populations mobiles. Il a pour objectif de fournir des informations clés à la communauté humanitaire et aux partenaires gouvernementaux, afin d’orienter la prise de décision et le développement de programmes et politiques publiques ciblés et adéquates. En Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre, la DTM produit régulièrement de nombreux produits d’information afin de répondre aux besoins en information des partenaires gouvernementaux et humanitaires et de fournir une meilleure compréhension des mouvements de populations dans la région.

L’objectif de l’outil de suivi des urgences est de rassembler des informations sur les mouvements significatifs et soudains de populations. Ce rapport présente des informations sur des déplacements de populations ayant eu lieu entre le  11 et 15 avril 2020 dans le département du Mayo-Sava de la région de l’Extrême-Nord.

The Central Sahel area, and in particular the Liptako Gourma region, which borders Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, is affected by a complex crisis involving growing competition over dwindling resources; climatic variability; demographic pressure; high levels of poverty; disaffection and a lack of livelihood opportunities; communal tensions; the absence of state institutions and basic services; and violence related to organized crime and Non-State Armed Groups. The crisis has led to the death of an estimated 4,000 people in 2019 alone and triggered significant displacement of populations in the three affected countries. As of 17 April 2020, 1,299,167 individuals have been displaced, including 1,151,149 Internally Displaced Persons (89% of the displaced population) and 148,018 Refugees (11% of the displaced population). Sixty-six per cent of the affected population (859,496 individuals) were located in Burkina Faso, while 17 per cent resided in Mali (217,517 individuals), 13 per cent in Niger (163,164 individuals) and 5 per cent in Mauritania (58,990 individuals).

L’OIM, au travers de sa Matrice de suivi des déplacements (DTM), travaille avec le Réseau Bilital Maroobe (RBM) et ses antennes d’organisations d’éleveurs (CRUS et RECOPA) pour faire le suivi des mouvements de transhumants au Burkina Faso, dans le but de mieux comprendre les dynamiques et caractéristiques des mouvements de transhumance internes et transfrontaliers. Outre un outil de comptage, un système d’alerte précoce est également mis en place dans le but de prévenir les conflits potentiels générés par ces mouvements. Le projet est mis en œuvre dans la région de l’Est et du Sahel au Burkina Faso. Un travail de cartographie est conduit au préalable avec les acteurs locaux pour identifier des points stratégiques d’entrée, de sortie et de transit par lesquels passent les éleveurs transhumants. A chacun de ces points, des enquêteurs recueillent des informations sur le nombre et le profils des éleveurs transhumants et de leur bétail, ainsi que sur leur provenance et leur destination. Ils émettent également des alertes pour des évènements pouvant conduire à un conflit. Au Burkina Faso, cinq points de suivi ont été identifiés dans les localités frontalières avec le Togo, le Mali, le Niger et le Bénin: Diguel, Lac Higa et Yattako situées dans la région du Sahel et Ouro-Sambo et Tindangou dans la région de l’Est. Ce tableau de bord présente les résultats des données collectées sur les cinq points de comptage de septembre 2019 à janvier 2020, lors de la période de transhumance liée à la saison sèche, qui mène les éleveurs des pays sahéliens (Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso) vers les pays côtiers de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (Togo, Bénin, Ghana). Cette collecte s’est concentrée sur les mouvements vers le Togo.

From January to March 2020, a total of 33,409 movements were recorded, composed of 26,750 arrivals and 7,659 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Chibok, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Hawul, Jere, Konduga, Mafa, Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Borno state. Arrivals were also recorded in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Mayo-Belwa, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North, and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa state.    Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba, Bama, Chibok, Dikwa, Gwoza, Hawul and Kala/Balge LGAs of Borno state; Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa state also recorded departures.   Out of the 33,409 movements recorded, 4,442 movements were recorded from neighbouring countries which composed of 3,725 IDPs and 717 Returnees. Of these arrivals, 3,903 were from Cameroon, 401 from Republic of Niger and 138 from Chad. Sixty-two per cent of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living conditions, 36 per cent relocated voluntarily, 1 per cent relocated due to fear of attack, and the remaining 1 per cent relocated due to conflict/attack and improved security.   ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: poor living conditions (31.7%), voluntary relocation (23.4%), conflict/attack (15.9%), improved security (11.6%), fear of attack (10.8%),military operations (6.3%) and involuntary relocation (0.3%).

The ongoing conflict in Yemen, since March 2015, has led to the displacement of more than 3.6 million people (according to DTM's 2018 Area Assessment). DTM's Rapid Displacement Tracking tool collects and reports on numbers of households forced to flee on a daily basis, allowing for regular reporting of new displacements in terms of numbers, geography and needs.   From 01 January 2020 - 18 Apr 2020, IOM Yemen DTM estimates that 11,884  Households or 71,304 Individuals have experienced displacement, at least once.                                                                                                                                                              Between the 12th Apr 2020 and 18th of Apr 2020, the highest number of displacements were seen in:                                                                                                                                                    ·       Marib (131 HH) – Marib City (59 HH), Medghal (48 HH), Sirwah (11 HH) districts. Most displacements in the governorate were originated from Al Jawf, Marib, and Al Bayda.                 ·       Al Dhale'e (130 HH) – Ad Dhale'e (66 HH), Qa'atabah (45 HH), Al Husha (17 HH) districts. Most displacements in the governorate were internal.                             ·       Taizz (76 HH) – Jabal Habashy (22 HH), Salh (13 HH), As Silw (12 HH) districts. Most displacements in the governorate were originated from Taiz and Al Jawf.                                                                                                          Most displacement resulted from increased conflict in the following Governorates and districts.                                                                  ·       Al Dhale'e (121 HH) – Al Husha (69 HH), Qa'atabah (32 HH), Ad Dhale'e (19 HH) districts.                                                 ·       Marib (97 HH) – Majzar (59 HH), Marib City (30 HH), Marib (7 HH) districts.                                           ·       Al Hudaydah (51 HH) – Al Hali (20 HH), Al Hawak (10 HH), Bayt Al Faqiah (8 HH) districts.                                                 Methods used: ·       DTM’s Rapid Displacement Tracking (RDT) tool collects and reports on numbers of households forced to flee on a daily basis, allowing for regular reporting of new displacements in terms of numbers, geography and needs. Limitations: ·       DTM Yemen is unable to report on figures in some governorates due to access limitations.

During the period of 6 - 12 April 2020, a total of 2,048 movements were recorded, composed of 1,506 arrivals and 542 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Dikwa, Gwoza, Hawul, Mobbar and Ngala Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Borno State. Arrivals were also recorded in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State. Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba and Dikwa LGAs of Borno State; Fufore, Girei, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Numan, Song and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State also recorded departures.   ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: conflict/attack (45.1%), voluntary relocation (22.4%), poor living condition (12.4%), improved security (11.3%), fear of attack (8.7%) and military operations (0.1%).

The current outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) has restricted global mobility whilst heightening the risk to vulnerable populations. As cities and countries continue to impose lockdowns, IOM is observing significant returns of people, including internal and cross-border migrants, moving away from urban areas towards provincial areas or home countries. The unprecedented scope and severity of the mobility restrictions applied by governments and regions since the COVID-19 pandemic, have had a complex and multifaceted impact on the global mobility context.  IOM has led the development of a methodology for points of entry data collection which feeds into the IOM portal on mobility restrictions. The data set to be collected also includes ‘positive measures’ adopted by countries, such as temporary opening of borders to facilitate the return of stranded migrant workers. IOM is mapping, and monitoring types of travel restrictions imposed by countries which can be viewed on the Mobility Restrictions COVID-19 website. As of 29 March 2020, data collection has taken place in 133 countries/territories/ areas, providing baseline information on 1,831 points and 184 areas. The Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) in the East and Horn of Africa (EHoA) region is currently active in six countries (Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, and Uganda). As of the end of 2019, DTM in the region tracked 6.1M Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and 2.7M Returnees, as reported during the last round of DTM assessments for each country. Flow monitoring continues in all six countries with active DTM through a regional network of 80 Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs), including 5 in Yemen, with the main aim of tracking cross-border movements trends in the region. 

As of November 2019, the internal displacement profile of South Sudan has shifted from being predominantly marked by national conflict. Whilst conflict including national parties are still causing new instances of displacement around Yei in Central Equatoria as well as constituting the main reason for populations remaining in protracted displacement since 2014, new displacement has been increasingly attributed to communal clashes throughout 2018 and 2019 as well as high levels of flooding in the second half of 2019. DTM makes a difference between political conflict and communal clashes for analysis, however, it should be noted that the lines between livestock-related conflict, other forms of communal tensions and politically motivated violence are frequently blurred. Data collection for round seven took place in October and November 2019 – the height of the 2019 floods –following round six which took place in June 2019. Whilst return movements continue to be observed, these seemed to have peaked during the three months (October – December 2018) following the signing of the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (R-ARCSS) and have since returned to pre-ARCSS 2018 levels throughout 2019 (in terms of monthly averages of returnee arrivals).

The objective of the Emergency Tracking Tool (ETT) is to collect information on large and sudden population movements. Information is collected through key informant interviews or direct observation. This dashboard provides information on displacement which occurred on 13 April 2020 in one village of Lac Province.    On 13 April 2020, fear of armed attacks prompted approximately 240 households of 1,200 individuals to flee the villages of Kirmya and Bourboura as well as the Wadarom 2 site, all located in the sous-préfecture of Ngouboua (département of Kaya), for the village of Fourkouloum, located in the same sous-préfecture.